Which of the following best describes modular construction?

Modular construction is best described as building three-dimensional units that are largely complete upon leaving the factory. This method involves manufacturing parts of a building in a controlled factory environment, which allows for higher precision and efficiency. These prefabricated units typically arrive at the construction site as finished components, with around 85% of the work done, including electrical, plumbing, and interior finishes. This not only speeds up the overall construction process but also enhances quality control.

The focus on building pre-finished units is a key characteristic that distinguishes modular construction from other traditional building methods. It allows for quicker assembly on-site as well, as the major structural parts are already completed. This efficiency can lead to reduced labor costs and minimized waste, which are significant advantages in modern construction practices.

The other options present limited or inaccurate interpretations of modular construction. While modular can involve various types of finishes, it is not restricted only to external surface finishing. It can use various materials and techniques beyond traditional wood framing, encompassing a broader range of building styles and structures. Lastly, modular construction is not limited to single-story buildings; it can include multi-story units and various designs, thus expanding its applications beyond just one type of structure.