In building construction, what does the term "superstructure" refer to?

The term "superstructure" refers specifically to the components of a building that are above grade, which includes the structural elements and the building envelope. This encompasses everything constructed above the foundation, such as walls, roofs, and floors, which are crucial for the functionality and integrity of the building. The superstructure plays a vital role in providing support, protection from the elements, and aesthetic value.

Understanding this concept distinguishes it from other building aspects like the substructure, which deals with elements located below ground level, such as the foundation. The architectural design of a building can influence how the superstructure is manifested, but it is not synonymous with the superstructure itself. Additionally, mechanical systems are addressed separately and focus on utilities rather than structural components. Thus, the correct identification of superstructure highlights its importance in the overall construction and design of a building.